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The 4 C's:
CARAT
Carat is a unit of measurement that describes the weight of a diamond, with one carat equaling 0.20 grams. The rarity of a diamond increases as its weight (carats) increases. For this reason, the value rises disproportionately to its weight. For example, a 1ct diamond, with all other characteristics being equal, is always worth more than two 0.5ct diamonds.
It is also important to understand that two diamonds with the same carat weight can appear visibly different in size depending on their shape and cut.
Diamond Size vs. Carat Weight
Diamond size (different from carat weight) refers specifically to physical dimensions and is generally measured in millimeters (when evaluating size, also consider the millimeters). A round brilliant diamond of 1 carat measures about 6.5mm in diameter; however, an oval diamond of the same weight may appear larger due to its elongated shape. The ring style also influences the perceived size – halos (small diamonds around the center stone) can make a diamond appear larger, while a solitaire-style ring gives more prominence to the diamond.
CLARITY
Diamonds may contain small inclusions. Clarity indicates how "clean" a diamond is, that is, how many natural inclusions it has. Diamonds with higher levels of transparency are more desirable and valuable. Thus, diamonds can be classified as follows:
FL – Flawless
IF – Internally Flawless
VVS1 | VVS2 – Very, Very Slightly Included
VS1 | VS2 – Very Slightly Included
SI1 | SI2 – Slightly Included
I1 | I2 | I3 – Imperfect
The value of a diamond varies according to its clarity grade.
COLOUR
In nature, diamonds have a slightly yellowish coloration. They can take on other colors, but in jewelry, colorless diamonds are the most qualified. H diamonds are on the "near colorless" scale and some coloration can only be detected when compared to other colorless diamonds.
Diamond color refers to the absence of color, with completely colorless diamonds being the most valuable and rare. The GIA color grading scale runs from D (colorless) to Z (light yellow), with each letter representing a subtle increase in color saturation. Diamonds that fall outside this scale, such as different shades of pink or blue, are graded and valued differently.
Color becomes increasingly noticeable as size increases, and is more important when selecting larger diamonds.
CUT
The cut of a diamond refers to the quality of its cutting, which takes into account factors such as proportions, symmetry and polishing. Unlike other characteristics of diamonds that are formed during the growth process, the quality of the cut is the result of the skill and precision of the cutter.
The GIA grades a diamond’s cut from Excellent to Poor, based on the proportions that maximize light performance. A diamond with an Excellent cut bounces almost all of the light that enters the stone, giving it a great visual impact. In contrast, a Poor cut allows light to escape through the pavilion (bottom), resulting in a duller appearance.
